Commentary: Knowledge is not always power

Group knowledge is not always distributed ( neither is

In this paper we study the notion of group knowledge in a modal epistemic context. Starting with the standard definition of this kind of knowledge on Kripke models, we show that this definition gives rise to some quite counter-intuitive behaviour. Firstly, using a strong notion of derivability, we show that group knowledge in a state can always, but trivially, be derived from each of the agents...

Commentary: Similar Philosophy Does Not Always Synchronize

Small is not always beautiful

Peer-to-peer content distribution systems have been enjoying great popularity, and are now gaining momentum as a means of disseminating video streams over the Internet. In many of these protocols, including the popular BitTorrent, content is split into mostly fixed-size pieces, allowing a client to download data from many peers simultaneously. This makes piece size potentially critical for perf...

Promiscuity is not always bad.

In the recent issue of Cell, Bonham et al. (2014) reveal that the sorting adaptor TIRAP regulates the assembly of the Myddosome upon Toll-like receptor activation from both the cell surface and endosomes through its promiscuous binding to lipids.

What is bright is not always gold.

To the Editor: The recent paper from Myerson et al1 on the “reliability” of formulae for calculation of echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) mass needs to be carefully considered. Quantitative echocardiography presents problems of reproducibility, but less than expected from initial studies performed without 2D guidance. There is evidence that the test-retest “error” of echocardiography is s...